International Journal of Dentistry Scientific
The International Journal of Dentistry Scientific publishes research articles and case reports that are original, innovative, current and applicable in all areas of dental science with an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. The scope includes all areas of dentistry, namely oral biology; science and technology of dental materials; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pedodontics; public dental health, epidemiology, and preventive dentistry; conservation dentistry, endodontics, and operative dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral medications; dental and maxillofacial radiology; as well as developments and dental science from other scientific approaches. The International Journal of Dentistry Scientific processes articles by conducting double-blind reviews to obtain scientific knowledge and applications that meet quality scientific principles. The International Dentistry Scientific Journal is published by the Palembang Branch of the Indonesian Dental Association twice a year. The process for submitting article manuscripts is open throughout the year via the email system facility. The International Dentistry Scientific Journal is also affiliated with the Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI). The International Journal of Dentistry Scientific accommodates all works in the field of dental science, both in academic, research and practice, to become a reference for all fields of dental science.
Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia Cabang Palembang
Relationship Between Stunting and Dental Caries in Children at Working Area of the I Ulu Health Center Palembang
Background: Stunting is a condition where the body length or height of the child is not appropriate for their age. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects dental hard tissue starting with the process of demineralization of the tooth layer. Stunting can disrupt oral cavity development, leading to dental caries in children due to decreased salivary flow and pH and tooth structure abnormalities.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Dentistry Scientific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness Of Corn Silk Zea Mays Saccharata Extraction As The Obstruction Of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria On Acrylic Plate
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that contribute to plaque formation and is often found on the surface of acrylic plates on removable partial dentures (RPDs). RPD cleaning can be done mechanically, chemically, or in combination. Sweet corn silk (Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata) can be used as an alternative natural ingredient for RPD cleaners because Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata contains flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids that can act as antibacterials. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on acrylic plates. Materials and Methods: This study used sweet corn silk with laboratory experimental research type using a post-test only control group design approach. The maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent was carried out to make Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata extract and then diluted to obtain concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. This study used 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite as the positive control and aquades as the negative control. Results: The lowest average growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on acrylic plates was when Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata was given at 75%, which was 366.40 CFU/ml, but not as low as Sodium Hypochlorite, which was 0 CFU/ml. While the highest average growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on acrylic plates was the negative control at 1196.80 CFU/ml. Conclusion: Corn silk Zea mays Saccharata extract using ethanol solvent can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on acrylic plates with 75% as the concentration that has the highest level of effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Dentistry Scientific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Use of Biodentin as a Treatment Material Choice for Primary Teeth : A Literature Review
Biodentin is a calcium silicate-based restorative material that is increasingly used in primary teeth treatment. This material has superior properties such as high biocompatibility, the ability to form secondary dentin, and antimicrobial properties, which make it a potential choice as a material in primary teeth root canal treatment. This literature review aims to review the use of Biodentin as a material of choice in primary teeth root canal treatment, considering the advantages, mechanisms of action, and clinical results that support its application. The results of the study showed that Biodentin has a faster setting time, good mechanical strength, and supports optimal pulp tissue regeneration. However, several limitations such as relatively high costs and limited long-term clinical trials need to be considered. Thus, Biodentin can be considered as an effective and safe alternative in primary teeth treatment, although further research is still needed to strengthen the clinical evidence of its use.
THE EFFECT OF SUMBAWA FOREST HONEY ON INCREASING THE NUMBER OF FIBROBLAST CELLS (IN VIVO STUDY AFTER WISTAR RAT TOOTH EXTRACTION)
Background: Fibroblasts play an important role in the process of wound healing in the proliferation phase. Honey contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins and enzymes that play a role in increasing fibroblasts. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Sumbawa forest honey on increasing the number of fibroblast cells after Wistar rat tooth extraction on day 7. Method: This is a laboratory experimental study with Post Test Only with Control Group design. In this study used 24 male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups, the negative control (aquadest), the 50% Sumbawa forest honey, the 100% Sumbawa forest honey, and the positive control (hyaluronic acid) were applied topically twice a day for 7 days in dental sockets after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. The number of fibroblast was counted by histopathology preparations under Olympus CX31 microscope and ImageJ software and analyzed using Independent sample t-test and Post Hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results: The result of this study showed the group with 100% consentration of Sumbawa forest honey had significantly higher number of fibroblas cells compared to the group with 50% consentration of Sumbawa forest honey and the negative control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sumbawa forest honey concentrations of 50% and 100% have an effect in increasing the number of fibroblast cells after tooth extraction of wistar rats and 100% have an effect in increasing the number of fibroblast cells after tooth extraction of wistar rats and the highest number of fibroblast cells was found in the group with concentration of 100% Sumbawa forest honey.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ROBUSTA SEMENDO COFFEE EXTRACT IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS ON REDUCING THE COUNT OF PMN CELLS IN WISTAR RATS
Background: Periodontitis is an oral disease with a very high prevalence in Indonesia. Periodontitis can cause tooth loss. Semendo robusta coffee extract contains active compounds as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial which can reduce the number of PMN cells in chronic periodontitis treatment. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Semendo Robusta coffee bean extract in reducing PMN cell counts in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in Wistar rats. Methods: his study used a post test only control group design. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 treatment groups. Making periodontitis rats is done by inducing Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria into the gingival sulcus of rats for 14 days. Periodontitis rats were applied gel according to the treatment group twice a day for 14 days. Semendo robusta coffee extract gel applied to periodontitis rats with various concentrations of 40%, 50%, and placebo gel (negative control). All samples were euthanised on the 15th day after gel application and histological sections were made. The number of PMN cells was counted and statistically analysed. Results: Semendo robusta coffee extract gel group with 50% concentration was the group with the lowest PMN cell value. Statistically, the 40% Semendo coffee extract gel group had a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the placebo gel group. Conclusion: Semendo robusta coffee bean extract gel with 50% concentration significantly decreased the number of PMN cells against chronic periodontitis treatment in Wistar rats compared to 40% semendo robusta coffee extract gel and placebo gel.
Aesthetic And Functional Treatment Of Missing Central Incisor With Lithium Disilicate Adhesive Bridge
Loss of anterior teeth is associated with aesthetic, phonetic, and functional disturbances. Due to the lower chewing load on the anterior teeth compared to the posterior teeth, a fixed partial denture with a lithium disilicate adhesive bridge can be a good alternative and compromise in this case with minimal invasive preparation, because it has better adhesive system, retention, strength, and aesthetics compared to metal material. To guarantee a strong long-term bonding, it is mandatory to perform adhesive procedures on enamel. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to guarantee that all margins and the tooth restoration interphase remain within the thickness of sound enamel. This case report aims to describe adhesive bridge treatment using lithium disilicate in cases of missing central incisor teeth. A 25-year-old female patient came to Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital (RSGM) with a chief complained of fractured central incisor with only the remaining mobility root or radix due to a previous accident and it caused aesthetic concerns as her job requires frequent interaction. The patient wanted to use a fixed denture without significant reduction of the adjacent teeth. After the remaining root or radix was extracted, the patient was inserted with a fixed denture using an adhesive bridge made of lithium disilicate material. Use of adhesive bridge dentures with lithium disilicate material for maxillary anterior teeth and provided satisfaction for patients because it can overcome aesthetic problems and improved good phonetic and masticatory functions.
EFFECT OF CHEWING ALOE VERA JELLY CANDY ON SALIVARY FLOW RATE AND pH
The occurrence of caries due to excessive consumption of sweet foods such as candy can be reduced by increasing the salivary flow rate and pH. Mechanical stimulus by chewing aloe vera jelly candy with healthy sweetener could be an alternative way to prevent caries. This study aimed to determine the effect of chewing aloe vera jelly candy on salivary flow rate and pH. Methods: Experimental study with one group pretest and posttest was used. Twenty eight female subjects were given aloe vera and non-aloe vera jelly candy with a healthy sweetener and then instructed to chew 30 times for each candy. Saliva were collected before and after chewing the jelly candy. The salivary flow rate was measured in ml/min and salivary pH were measured using pH meter. Data were analyzed by using paired T-test and independent T-test. Results: This study showed that after chewing aloe vera and non-aloe vera jelly candy, salivary flow rate and pH increased significantly compared to before chewing jelly candy (p<0.05). Aloe vera jelly candy showed a higher salivary flow rate but was not significantly different from non-aloe vera jelly candy (p>0.05), otherwise the pH value was significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing aloe vera jelly candy can increase salivary flow rate and pH.
EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE-1 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH PERIODONTITIS (SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)
Many studies have shown that periodontal therapy, such as scaling and root planning, can improve glycemic control for 3 to 4 months. Moreover, studies have shown that treating patients with type 2 diabetes with antimicrobial agents in addition to scaling and root planning (SRP) improves both periodontal parameters and glycemic control. Aiming to determine the impact on glycemic control, this systematic review focuses on periodontal treatment in the form of SRP, whether or not supplemented with antimicrobials, in type 1 DM patients and periodontitis. Conducted as a systematic literature review with a qualitative approach, this research utilizes journal databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and SciElo. Once the journals are obtained, they will be selected and subjected to bias analysis and data extraction. Analysis of five journals qualitatively revealed that SRP, whether or not antimicrobials were added, has no discernible effect on type 1DM patients' glucose control, although it significantly improved periodontal parameters. The inclusion of antimicrobials was found to be more effective for enhancing periodontal parameters in type 1 DM patients, but it did not significantly impact glycemic control post-periodontal treatment.
The Effect Of Cuka Pempek On Color Stability Of Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin As A Base For Removable Dentures
Heat-cured acrylic resin is one of the dental materials commonly used for making denture bases. Color stability in acrylic resin is one of the most important clinical signs of aging or deterioration indicators of materials after prolonged use that can affect aesthetics. Factors that can affect the color stability of heat-cured acrylic resin are acidic foods/drinks. Cuka pempek is a side sauce for pempek that is often consumed by the public and has a low pH. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of cuka pempek and soaking time on the color stability of heat-cured acrylic resin as a removable denture base. Method: This study is an experimental laboratory study with a pre-test and post-test group design. A total of 24 samples of heat-cured acrylic resin measuring 65mm x 10mm x 2.5mm were divided into 6 groups, namely 3 groups soaked in cuka pempek solution and 3 groups soaked in distilled water for 3, 5, and 7 days. Color stability was measured using a colorimeter. Statistical tests were performed using paired T-test and Post hoc LSD. Results: Paired T-test showed that each group experienced a significant change in the degree of lightness and darkness (∆L*) after immersion. The largest mean value of the change in the degree of darkness was found in the group soaked in vinegar solution for 7 days (mean=17.59). The smallest mean value of the change in the degree of darkness was found in the group soaked in distilled water for 3 days (mean=11.02). Conclusion: Cuka pempek can cause color changes in heat-cured acrylic resin and the longer the immersion in cuka pempek solution, the greater the level of color change.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Dentistry Scientific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Antibacterial Effectiveness Of N-Hexane Garlic Peel Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus
Background: Odontogenic infections are a common disease in dental practice that is caused by bacteria S. aureus. One of herbal ingredients that has antibacterial properties is garlic peel which can be extracted with n-hexane. This has not been widely studied and it is still considered waste. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial extract of garlic peel against S. aureus. Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental in vitro laboratory study. The test group used an extract of garlic peel with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% obtained by maceration method with n-hexane, povidone iodine 1% was used as a positive control and aquades as a negative control. The antibacterial potency was tested using disc diffusion method to determine the value of inhibition zone, the dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The inhibition zone values were then analyzed statistically using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: This study showed that average inhibition zone diameter for the 25% and 50% concentrations was 0 mm, indicating no antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the 75% and 100% concentrations exhibited inhibition zones of 0.06 mm and 0.07 mm, respectively, which were classified as weak inhibition and lower than that of povidone iodine 1%. The MIC and MBC values could not be determined in this study. Conclusion: N-hexane garlic peel extract has antibacterial activity against S. aureus at high concentrations (75% and 100%) and the activity is classified as weak.
Camouflage Orthodontic Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Using Quad Helix in a Non-Growing Patient
Camouflage treatment is one of the orthodontic treatment options in cases of class II division 1 malocclusion. A 22-year-old female patient felt that her teeth were malposition, the patient wanted her teeth to be levelled and aligned, but the patient was afraid if the treatment need extraction. The patient’s space requirements were met by expanding the maxillary arch, while the lower jaw was reduced interproximal and protracted the anterior teeth of the mandibular arch. The expansion performed on the upper jaw used a removable expansion, namely quad helix. The treatment was completed in twenty appointments. After treatment, the inter canine width obtained 2 mm, the inter premolar width obtained 2.5 mm, and the intermolar width obtained 2 mm. The patient was happy with the result of the treatment and the treatment could be done without extraction
The surgical approach to gingival depigmentation for aesthetics: A Case Report
Background: Physiological gingival pigmentation is a genetic changes in gingival color resulting from increased production and release of melanin in the gingival tissue and oral mucosa, so the condition becomes one of the important things in aesthetics for patients. Objective: This case report aims to see the results of gingival depigmentation surgical procedures in patients with clinical conditions of physiological gingival pigmentation. Case Report: A 27-year-old female patient presented with complaints of brown-black gums on the upper and lower jaw. Gingival depigmentation was performed using a surgical technique using a scalpel to remove pigmentation in the gingival area. Conclusion: Gingival hyperpigmentation is often a significant aesthetic problem for patients and requires treatment with a surgical intervention, one of the commonly used methods is gingival depigmentation with a scalpel surgical technique that shows satisfactory results with a relatively simple procedure and a low cost.
Effect of Endodontic Bioceramic Sealer on Endo-perio Lesion (Literature Review)
Background: Endo-perio lesion primarily caused by endodontic and periodontal are the most commonly encountered conditions. The success of endo-perio lesion treatment depends on optimal root canal sealing. The development of calcium silicate based or bioceramic sealer is based on sealers with good biocompatibility, which promotes the formation of mineralized tissue and suitable physical properties. The biocompatibility of bioceramic sealer can affect cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Bioceramic sealer can stimulate osteogenesis and can increase cell viability. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of endodontic bioceramic sealer on the healing of endo-perio lesion. Methods: The type of research was a literature review using qualitative analysis of case report journals using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar database for the 10 years, and followed by bias assessment using the CARE (Case Report Statement and Checklist). Results: The results showed that 9 journals had the same results on the use of bioceramic sealers in endo-perio lesions. The healing of endo-perio lesions is characterized by a reduction in pocket depth, alveolar bone repair, normal periodontal ligament space, reattachment of clinical attachment, and the healing of the sinus tract around apex. Conclusion: The use of endodontic bioceramic sealers may affect the healing of endo-perio lesions.
Treatment Of Gingival Enlargement With Gingivectomy And Gingivoplasty Using Scalpel Surgical Technique With Gingival Depigmentation: A Case Report
Background: Gingival enlargement is a condition of increase in the size of the gingiva and is considered as an extension of idiopathic gingival hyperplasia (fibromatosis) due to inflammation that can be caused by factor local or systemic. Clinically, this gingival enlargement gives an unattractive gingival appearance and can form pockets, so it needs to be corrected with gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. Gingival hyperpigmentation is a physiological pigmentation genetically, appearing with brown to black pigment on the gingiva and oral mucosa which is an aesthetic problem for patients. Purpose: This case report aims to describe a case of gingival enlargement managed by gingivectomy and gingivoplasty accompanied by gingival depigmentation. Case presentation: A 26-year-old female patient came with complaints of painless enlargement on the gums in the upper and lower front teeth. The enlargement on the gums had been noticed since 5 months ago, as well as brown discoloration on the gums of her upper and lower front teeth which she had noticed ten years ago.Initial treatment was scaling and root planing, after there was no change in the size of the gingiva, the treatment was continued with gingivectomy and gingivoplasty using the scalpel surgery technique, followed by gingival depigmentation. Conclusion: The gingival enlargement not show a decrease after scaling and root planing, gingivectomy can be performed to eliminating the pockets, and gingivoplasty to obtain a good physiological gingival shape. Gingival hyperpigmentation is an aesthetic problem that is a concern for patients and requires surgical intervention to remove pigment, one of which is gingival depigmentation with scalpel surgery.
Crown Lengthening Surgery for Anterior Esthetic Restoration: Case Report
Crown lengthening surgery (CL) is a procedure that aims to reduce periodontal tissue to increase clinical crown height by maintaining the biological width for the placement of the final restoration. CL surgery will also affect the smile line for a better aesthetic appearance. Objective: To explain CL surgery for the aesthetic restoration needs of maxillary anterior teeth with the help of Chu-gauge examination. Case Report and Treatment: A 20-year-old female patient was referred by a Conservation Specialist to Periodontics with complaints of discolored maxillary anterior teeth since 2016 post-trauma. A consultation was conducted due to the need for final restorations considering the smile line and existing design. Clinical examination revealed inadequate restoration of tooth 21, gingival excess of teeth 12 and 22, edema, and plaque score of 10.3% (O’Leary). The use of Chu-gauge in gingivectomy to maintain an ideal crown ratio. Flap surgery was accompanied by osteotomy to maintain biological width. Then the flap was repositioned with a mattress vertical suture. Result: CL surgery to maintain periodontal tissue condition and biological width in final restoration selection. Conclusion: CL aesthetic surgery with osteotomy showed good results in terms of clinical crown dimension, gingival contour, and osseous level.
COMPREHENSSIVE ORAL REHABILITATION WIH PROLONGED NURSING BOTTLE CARIES
Nursing bottle caries is an aggressive form of dental caries that first occurs on the labial surface of the maxillary incisors. This condition if not treated at an early stage can cause severe teeth decay, not only in primary teeth but can affect its permanent teeth. Case Report: An 8 year old girl came to RSGM Unpad with complaints of teeth 12, 11, 21, 22, 31, 41 reversible pulpitis, gangren radix 16, 53, 26, teeth 36, 46 irreversible pulpitis with extensive crown damage and teeth 55, 54, 63, 64, 75, 74, 73, 83, 84, 85 edentulous but the replacement permanent teeth haven't erupted. The patient has a habit of breastfeeding through the bottle until the age of 7 years. Comprehensive oral rehabilitation included filling of direct composite teeth 12, 11, 21, 22, 31, 41, extraction of teeth 16, 53, 26 and apexogenesis of teeth 36, 46 with final restoration of porcelain uplays and removeable partial denture for controlling eruption of mandibular premolars. Conclusion: Good collaboration between dentists, nurses, patients and parents is absolutely necessary to achieve successful treatment and help improve oral health and children's self-confidence.
THE EFFECT OF PEATLAND WATER USE ON DENTAL CARIES SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Peatland water is one of the waters that is mostly used by the people for their daily needs. Peatland water is not feasible to be used because it is acidic and has a pH below seven. The acidity of peatland water can be one of the factors that occur in dental caries. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of peatland water use on dental caries. Methods: The type of research is a systematic review with qualitative analysis. Result: This study involved nine journals that were selected from the PUBMED journals database and Google Scholar. Cross-sectional and experimental journals within the last 15 years discussing effect of peatland water use on dental caries. Conclusion: There is a relationship between peatland water use on dental caries (n=9)
Lime peel extract (Citrus Aurantifolia) inhibit the growth of bacteria Lactobacillus Acidophilus in childhood dental caries
Caries occur due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus Acidophilus bacteria. One way to prevent caries is to inhibit and kill Lactobacillus Acidophilus bacteria. This study used the dilution method to determine the inhibition and killing power of lime peel extract (Citrus Aurantifolia) against Lactobacillus Acidophilus bacteria, lime peel extract obtained by maceration method and made with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56% and 0.78%. Based on the results of the study, it was found that lime peel extract with a concentration of 1.56% proved to be able to inhibit bacterial growth, at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% showed no growth of bacteria on the media. In the normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk method, the results obtained by the value of ρ (Sig.) > 0.05 so that the data is said to be normally distributed. Followed by the homogeneity test using the Levene Test and the value of ρ (Sig.) = 0.001 <0.05 so that the data is declared to be inhomogeneous. The Kruskall-Wallis test to determine the differences between the treatment groups and the value of ρ (Sig.) < 0.05, which means there was a significant difference and continued with the Mann-Whitney test to determine which groups were significantly different. The content of lime peel extract that affects the inhibition and killing power of bacteria are flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, saponins and triterpenoids which have antibacterial properties and are able to inhibit and kill Lactobacillus Acidophilus bacteria.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Dentistry Scientific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Differences in compressive strength between composite resins bulk-fill with bulk-fill fiber composite resin
Dental and oral health problems in Indonesia are currently quite high, one of the most common dental and oral diseases is dental caries. Teeth that have been affected by caries need special attention to be treated. Considerations in selecting the filling material also need to be taken into account so that it has the ability to withstand large chewing loads and does not fracture easily. Restoration materials that are good and can restore aesthetic function are what society needs, one of these materials is composite resin. This composite resin can be applied directly into the cavity and its color can resemble natural teeth. to determine the difference in compressive strength between bulk-fill composite resin and bulk-fill fiber composite resin. The research used was laboratory experimental with a post-test only design. This research involved 2 composite resins, namely bulkfill composite resin as group I and bulkfill fiber composite resin as group II. Samples with a cylindrical tube shape have a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 6 mm, 10 samples per group, then the samples are soaked in distilled water and then placed in an incubator at a temperature of 37⁰ for 24 hours. This was followed by each sample being tested for compressive strength using a Universal Testing Machine until it was crushed. Group I compressive strength was 223.28 Mpa and Group II was 403.9 Mpa. Data analysis used the parametric independent t-test with p = 0.00 where p < 0.05, which means the difference in compressive strength obtained was significant between bulkfill composite resin and bulkfill fiber. the compressive strength of bulkfill fiber composite resin is greater than bulkfill composite resin.
Differences in effectiveness between soaking star fruit juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) with tomato fruit juice (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) as a natural tooth whitening agent
Teeth whitening treatment or dental bleaching is a process that can make teeth whiter as close to the original color of the teeth by using chemicals. The bleaching materials used in this study were star fruit juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) and tomato fruit juice (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of teeth whitening between star fruit juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) and tomato fruit juice (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill). The type of research used is true experimental design and pretest-posttest group design. The total number of samples in this study were 24 samples which were divided into 4 experimental groups; soaked 100% star fruit juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn), 100% tomato fruit juice (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill), 10% carbamide peroxide gel and sterile distilled water. Samples measurement using a spectrophotometer. The pretest-posttest paired analysis test using the Paired T-Test test showed that the mean differences of the groups before and after were significantly different. Parametric statistical tests with Oneway Anova showed that there were significant differences in each group after treatment. The highest level of effectiveness showed by 10% carbamide peroxide gel seen from the mean difference value of the Post Hoc LSD test. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 100% star fruit juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) is more effective than 100% tomato fruit juice (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) as a tooth whitening agent, but not more effective when compared to 10% carbamide peroxide gel.
Ranula In A Hiv Patient: A Rare Case Report
Ranula is a form of cyst resulting from obstruction of mayor salivary gland which is a phenomenon of duct retention in the sublingual gland located at the floor of mouth, resulting in swelling under the tongue and bluish in color. Ranula may occur in association with HIV. The study reported 38 cases of ranula, 88.5% of patients were HIV positive. This article reports the management of ranula cases in HIV patients. A 20 year old male patient came with complaints of a lump under his tongue. The lump has been felt since 1 month ago, often reccurence. The patient has a history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and regularly takes Tenovofir Lamividine Dolutegravir. Extraoral examination showed a lump in the left submandibula region and painless. Intraoral examination found the sublingual region, translucent, mobile, and painless. Supporting examinations include panoramic radiography, thorax radiography, MRI, laboratory. Treatment is carried out by marsupialization with general anesthesia. In this case the ranula classified as a simple ranula because it was only found on the floor of the mouth, the left submandibular extraoral lump was suspected to be a swollen lymph node due to the patient's systemic condition HIV. Excision of the ranula along with the sublingual gland risks injury to the lingual nerve and submandibular duct due to more invasive dissection. Firstline therapy for oral ranula is marsupialization, although the recurrence rate is higher. Surgeons must take universal precautions when performing surgical interventions, and there is no reason to discriminate against ranula patients with HIV. Persistent chronic inflammation caused by HIV can lead to blockage of the small ducts, followed by distension that can lead to rupture of the ducts and extravasation of mucus into the surrounding tissue. The treatment in this case was marsupialization with general anesthesia.
Differences in surface roughness of nanohybrid and nanofilled composite resins after polishing after soaking with lemon (Citrus Limon) juice
Resin composite is the material that currently used very widely in dentistry. Resin composite is commonly used by dentist to replace lost tooth structure it can be restore its function. Nanohybrid composite is formulated that consist of two mixed fillers namely microfine (0,01 to 0,1 µm) and small (fine) particle filler (0,1 to 10 µm). Nanofilled composite have filler particle size 1-100 nm (0,001 to 0,1 µm). Lemon (citrus limon) has many benefits, it can be processed into kinds of drinks and foods because it provides a fress effect. However, lemon also contains a low pH means it can increase erosion in polymer resin composite and surface roughness occurs. The research aimed to know the differences in the surface roughness of nanohybrid and nanofilled resin composite that were polished on the immersion of lemon juice. Methods of research were used experimental laboratory with a post test only control group design using 24 samples nanohybrid and nanofilled resin composites which are grouped into 4 groups. Each group contained 6 sample of resin composites. Surface roughness is measured using a surface roughness tester. The result of the analysis by LSD (Least Significant Difference) test showed that there were differences in the surface roughness of nanohybrid and nanofilled resin composites on the immersion of lemon juice with value p<0,05. The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of lemon immersion on the surface roughness of nanohybrid and nanofilled resin composites where more roughness occurs in nanohybrid composite.
Inhibitory power test of moringa oleifera lamk against Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans and its toxicity test to SGOT SGPT in rat
This study was to test the effectiveness of Moringa seed oil extract in inhibiting the growth of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans bacteria and to test the toxicity of Moringa seed oil extract. This type of research is experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. Pure Moringa leaf seed oil concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75% were used as experimental materials and the bacteria Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans as test samples. The inhibition test used the Kirby-Bauer method while the SGOPT and SPGT examinations were used to measure the level of toxicity. The largest inhibition zone was found at a concentration of 75% at 4.73 and the smallest at a concentration of 25% at 2.23, while for positive control the inhibition zone was 16.44 and negative control was 0.10. Toxicity test shows that the safe dose that can be used is no more than 1250mg/kg, while toxicity occurs at a dose of 2500-5000 mg/kg. The results of statistical tests also showed a significant difference between the control and test groups of 2500 and 5000mg/kg. Conclusion : Moringa fruit seed oil (Moringa Olefiera L) has the greatest inhibitory power at a concentration of 75% with a dose of not more than 1250 mg/kg.
Effectiveness of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc) on reducing oral odor levels (Halitosis)
Bad breath (halitosis) is a common problem that often results from the decaying action of microorganisms on endogenous or exogenous proteins and peptides. Some factors that cause bad breath (halitosis) are smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, obesity, and periodontal disease. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is one of Indonesia's medicinal commodities and spices included in traditional medicine. Ginger contains compounds such as antimicrobials from the phenol group, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils, a class of bioactive compounds that ginger can inhibit microbial growth. To determine the role of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in reducing halitosis levels in Hasanuddin University dental students in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The design of the research is Experimental. This research obtained a sample of 45 respondents. Data collection using Consecutive Sampling. Data processing and analysis techniques were performed with the Independent Sample T Test. The results showed a significant difference in halitosis values between before and after gargling with 2%, 4%, and 6% ginger concentration solutions; the most effective concentration to reduce halitosis levels was 6% (p<0.05). Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) can cause a decrease in oral odor (halitosis) levels.
Micro Hardness Difference After Stainless Steel Bracket
Stainless Steel (SS) brackets are the most widely used brackets in fixed orthodontic treatment because they have advantages, including being strong, inexpensive, and resistant to corrosion, and can be repeated several times. Bracket recycling is an option for orthodontists when brackets need to be reattached to the tooth. The advantage of bracket recycling is that it is more economical. The most common and easily used by clinicians is heat treatment. The mini torch was used in the bracket recycling process at the Orthodontic Clinic, Dental and Oral Hospital, University of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the differences in the microhardness of the SS brackets after burning using a mini torch at different durations. Objective: To find out the difference in the hardness level of the SS bracket with a burning duration of 5, 7, and 10 seconds. Methods: Laboratory experiment in September 2022 at the Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Indonesia for bracket heat treatement and the micro hardness test stage was carried out at CMPFA (Center for Materials Processing and Failure Analysis), consisting of 15 brackets with a control group of 1 bracket. Results: One-way ANOVA test with a value of P <0.05 indicates a difference in the micro hardness of the bracket with a heat treatment duration of 5, 7, and 10 seconds. The highest average bracket hardness was found in 10 seconds of heat treatment, with an average value of 347.46 HV. Conclusion: There are differences in bracket hardness with different heat treatment durations.
Background: Malocclusion is an occlusion disorder of teeth and jaws that can interfere the function of the mouth. Class II angle malocclusion can be treated using removable orthodontic appliances, such as a clear aligner. The use of clear aligners causes less pain and discomfort compared to fixed orthodontic appliances. Clear aligner treatment aims to achieve dentofacial esthetics, functional and stable treatment results. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe whether clear aligner treatment is effective to use in Angle class II malocclusion. Methods: This systematic literature review journals were selected through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct (2014-2023) databases which are published in English. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed using the CASP bias assessment, then summarized and analyzed to obtain the demographic data and changes that occurred based on cephalometric analysis. Results: This systematic literature review used ten journals consisting of case-control and case-report studies with low-bias research results in one journal and high-bias research in nine journals. All journals in this systematic literature review stated that there were dentoalveolar changes after the use of a clear aligner. Conclusion: There are corrected malocclusion changes in Angle class II malocclusion patients after the use of clear aligner treatment using auxiliary.
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC Lactobacillus reuteri ON PERIODONTAL INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Periodontal disease is one of Indonesia's most common dental and oral health problems. The initial periodontal therapy carried out is scaling and root planing. Several factors can cause scaling and root planing therapy to be less effective, such as deep pockets and patients with systemic disease, so adjunctive therapy needs to be given. The adjunctive therapy that can be given is probiotics. Several studies on the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri have shown a reduction in periodontal pathogenic bacteria. This paper will determine the effect of additional probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri after scaling and root planing therapy in chronic periodontitis patients, as well as to determine changes in periodontal index values. Systematic literature review with quantitative analysis will used as a method. Journals were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, in English with a publication period of the last 10 years, and collected from 3 journal databases, namely PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. Then bias analysis, data extraction, and meta-analysis were carried out. The result from the quantitative analysis of five journals showed that on the periodontal bleeding on probing index, the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri as an additional scaling and root planing therapy had a moderate effect on healing chronic periodontitis. It can be concluded that the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri as an additional scaling and root planing therapy has an effect in healing chronic periodontitis.
BLEACHING EFFECTS AFTER THE REPEATED APPLICATION OF 2.5% CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO PEEL EXTRACT GEL
Tooth with discoloration can undergo bleaching to restore their natural white color. Previous research revealed that the repetition of hydrogen peroxide application enhances the effectiveness of teeth whitening, but the use of this substance may lead to side effects. A 2.5% tangerine peel extract gel is known to have the potential as a teeth-whitening material, but the impact of repeated application of the gel on teeth whitening effectiveness is yet to be determined. Objective: To determine the effect of repeated application of 2.5% tangerine peel extract gel on the degree of teeth whitening. Material and method: Experimental research involved 24 premolar teeth with a C4 shade, divided into four groups: Treatment Groups A and B were applied with 2.5% tangerine peel extract gel, while positive control Groups C and D were treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide. The application was repeated twice in Groups B and D. Tooth color was measured before and after the application of the bleaching material using colorimeter, and the resulting ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, and ∆Eab* values underwent statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: No significant difference was observed in ∆a* and ∆b* values among all groups. The group subjected to repeated bleaching applications exhibited significantly higher brightness (∆L*) and total color change values (∆Eab*) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The repeated application of 2.5% tangerine peel extract gel enhance the degree of teeth whitening. However, it has not reached the same degree achieved with the application of 40% hydrogen peroxide.
COMPARISON OF BITEWING RADIOGRAPH QUALITY BETWEEN SILICON LOOP AND FILM HOLDER
Bitewing radiography is an intraoral radiography to view the tooth surface which includes the crown of the tooth as well as the alveolar crest of the upper and lower jaw at the same receptor. The use of film holders and silicone loops in the bitewing technique helps standardize taking radiographs, but there has been no research that shows a comparison of the quality of radiographs using silicone loops and film holders. This study aimed to compare the quality of bitewing radiography using silicone loops and film holders. This study is observational analytics comparative study using 24 radiograph bitewings. Bitewing radiograph was done by taking radiograph using dental cast with ten natural teeth which is caninus, premolar, and molars maxilla and mandible on one side of the jaw. The results showed there is not significantly difference between bitewing radiograph quality using silicon loop and film holder with p-value>0,05, for coverage object, density, contrast, sharpness, geometry, and overlapping. Silicon loop can be used as alternative device for taking bitewing radiograph.
EFFECT OF UHT MILK ON FRICTION OF STAINLESS STEEL (SS) AND NICKEL TITANIUM (Ni-Ti) WIRE- AN IN VITRO STUDY
Friction in orthodontic treatment were essential factor in biomechanical tooth movement, that infulenced by biological factors such as corrosion can inhibit tooth movement, thereby extending the duration of orthodontic treatment. UHT milk is a nutrient-rich drink that is often consumed by the public and is a weak acid solution. To investigate the effect of UHT milk on stainless steel and nickel-titanium wire friction. A total of 24 ORMCO® SS 0.018 and Ni-Ti 0.018 wires were used in this experimental study. The frictional SS and Ni-Ti wires immersed (8 groups n=3) in the following two solutions were measured: UHT Milk and artificial saliva for 7.5 hours, 10 hours 37°C in incubator, respectively. Static and dynamic frictional forces were measured using Universal Testing Machine. Independent T-test analyses were applied to compare the groups for significant differences (P<0.05). Average value Ni-Ti wire friction is greater than SS wire when immersed with UHT milk even though the analysis results showed no difference significantly. No effect of UHT milk on the friction of stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires.